Esquema para mejorar el aprendizaje sobre el Análisis de la Situación de Salud

Introducción: El análisis de la situación de salud es una investigación primordial que se realiza en el sistema de salud cubano, en el que se estudia la salud, los elementos que la determinan y las formas de mejorarla. Objetivo: Evaluar la propuesta de diseño de un esquema que contribuya a la mejora del aprendizaje del análisis de la situación de salud de la comunidad para los residentes de la especialidad Medicina General Integral, pertenecientes a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo. Método: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica de tipo descriptiva en la antes mencionada institución durante el período marzo-julio de 2022. De un universo de 67 profesores que aceptaron participar, se seleccionaron 26 por muestreo intencional. Para obtener los datos primarios fueron aplicados tres cuestionarios tipo Likert para evaluar el esquema, en consideración con la estructura, la funcionalidad y el aporte en el aprendizaje. Dichos cuestionarios incluyeron las respuestas: Totalmente en desacuerdo, En desacuerdo, Ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo, De acuerdo y Totalmente de acuerdo. Los datos se resumieron en números absolutos y porcentajes. Se presentaron en tablas de distribución de frecuencias. Resultados: Los subtotales de respuestas Totalmente de acuerdo y De acuerdo sobre la evaluación estructural y funcional, así como la influencia que se espera de este para mejorar el aprendizaje del análisis de situación de salud, se consideraron adecuados al superar el estándar. Conclusiones: El esquema propuesto es evaluado como adecuado en estructura y funcionalidad. Se considera positiva la influencia que se espera de este para mejorar el aprendizaje del análisis de situación de salud de la comunidad.

Introduction: The analysis of the health situation is a fundamental investigation carried out in the Cuban health system, in which health is studied, the elements that determine it and the ways to improve it. Objective: To evaluate the design proposal of a scheme that contributes to the improvement of learning of the analysis of the health situation of the community for the residents of the Comprehensive General Medicine specialty, belonging to the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo. Method: A descriptive pedagogical research was carried out in the aforementioned institution during the period March-July 2022. From a universe of 67 teachers who agreed to participate, 26 were selected by intentional sampling. To obtain primary data, three Likert-type questionnaires were applied to evaluate the scheme, taking into consideration the structure, functionality and contribution to learning. These questionnaires included the responses: Totally disagree, Disagree, Neither agree nor disagree, Agree and Totally agree. Data were summarized in absolute numbers and percentages. They were presented in frequency distribution tables. Results: The subtotals of Completely Agree and Agree responses on the structural and functional evaluation, as well as the expected influence of this to improve the learning of health situation analysis, were considered adequate when exceeding the standard. Conclusions: The proposed scheme is evaluated as adequate in structure and functionality. The influence expected from this to improve learning about the analysis of the community's health situation is considered positive.

Introdução: A análise da situação sanitária é uma investigação fundamental realizada no sistema de saúde cubano, no qual se estuda a saúde, os elementos que a determinam e as formas de melhorá-la. Objetivo: Avaliar a proposta de desenho de um esquema que contribua para a melhoria da aprendizagem da análise da situação de saúde da comunidade para os residentes da especialidade Medicina Geral Integral, pertencente à Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa pedagógica descritiva na referida instituição durante o período de março a julho de 2022. De um universo de 67 professores que aceitaram participar, 26 foram selecionados por amostragem intencional. Para obtenção dos dados primários, foram aplicados três questionários do tipo Likert para avaliação do esquema, levando em consideração a estrutura, funcionalidade e contribuição para a aprendizagem. Esses questionários incluíram as respostas: Discordo totalmente, Discordo, Nem concordo nem discordo, Concordo e Concordo totalmente. Os dados foram resumidos em números absolutos e porcentagens. Eles foram apresentados em tabelas de distribuição de frequência. Resultados: Os subtotais das respostas Concordo Totalmente e Concordo na avaliação estrutural e funcional, bem como a influência esperada desta para melhorar a aprendizagem da análise da situação de saúde, foram considerados adequados quando excedem o padrão. Conclusões: O esquema proposto é avaliado como adequado em estrutura e funcionalidade.A influência que se espera disto para melhorar a aprendizagem sobre a análise da situação de saúde da comunidade é considerada positiva.

Impact of a One-Stop Hematuria Clinic on Overall Survival and Bladder Tumor Recurrence.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One-stop clinics have emerged as a tool to optimize the therapeutic management of cancer patients. The main purpose of this study was to assess the role of the one-stop hematuria clinic (OSHC), as compared to a conventional clinic (CC), on the overall and disease-free survival of patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: A five-year follow-up retrospective and single-center study was conducted in patients with primary bladder tumor diagnosed between 2006 and 2015. The primary outcomes were five-year overall survival and one-year relapse rate. RESULTS: A total of 394 patients (160 in OSHC and 234 in CC) were included. No differences were observed in terms of age, sex, smoking habit or risk group between the OSHC and CC groups. The average times from first symptom to diagnosis (24.9 ± 29.1 vs. 100.7 ± 93.6 days) and from first symptom to treatment (70.2 ± 34.0 vs. 155.0 ± 102.9 days) were significantly lower in the OSHC group than in the CC group (p < 0.001 each). There was no significant difference in the five-year survival rate between OSHC and CC (103/160 vs. 150/234, respectively; p = 0.951), although the proportion of relapses during the first year was significantly lower in the OSHC group (35/139, 25.2%) than in the CC one (74/195, 38.0%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: OSHC significantly reduced the diagnosis and treatment times. The early-relapse rate was significantly lower in the OSHC group, although the five-year survival rate was similar.

Impact of a One-Stop Hematuria Clinic on Overall Survival and Bladder Tumor Recurrence

Background and Objective: One-stop clinics have emerged as a tool to optimize the therapeutic management of cancer patients. The main purpose of this study was to assess the role of the one-stop hematuria clinic (OSHC), as compared to a conventional clinic (CC), on the overall and disease-free survival of patients with bladder cancer. Methods: A five-year follow-up retrospective and single-center study was conducted in patients with primary bladder tumor diagnosed between 2006 and 2015. The primary outcomes were five-year overall survival and one-year relapse rate. Results: A total of 394 patients (160 in OSHC and 234 in CC) were included. No differences were observed in terms of age, sex, smoking habit or risk group between the OSHC and CC groups. The average times from first symptom to diagnosis (24.9 ± 29.1 vs. 100.7 ± 93.6 days) and from first symptom to treatment (70.2 ± 34.0 vs. 155.0 ± 102.9 days) were significantly lower in the OSHC group than in the CC group (p < 0.001 each). There was no significant difference in the five-year survival rate between OSHC and CC (103/160 vs. 150/234, respectively; p = 0.951), although the proportion of relapses during the first year was significantly lower in the OSHC group (35/139, 25.2%) than in the CC one (74/195, 38.0%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: OSHC significantly reduced the diagnosis and treatment times. The early-relapse rate was significantly lower in the OSHC group, although the five-year survival rate was similar (AU)

[Gross hematuria and usefulness of urinary cytology: Experience at hematuria one stop clinic.] / Citología de orina por lavado y hematuria macroscópica monosintomática: experiencia sobre su utilidad en una consulta de alta resolución.

OBJECTIVE: To report the diagnostic accuracy and liability of the instrumentalized urine cytology in the preliminary study of monosyntomatic gross haematuria. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive and analytic study of the patients that complained of macroscopic hematuria at the one-stop clinic between 2011 and 2018. The complementary tests requested were: kidney/bladder ultrasounds, urethrocystoscopy and urinary instrumentalized cytology. All the urine cytology samples were examined by the same pathologist. RESULTS: 1122 patients were reviewed with ultrasonography and cystoscopy. Bladder tumor was detected in 354 patients (31.5%) and other urological malignancies were found in 33 cases (2.9%). Urinary instrumentalized cytologies were collected in 804 patients (71.4%), being positive in 236 cases (29.4%). Sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytology for urothelial tumor detection were 55.1% and 85.7%, respectively. Cytology was positive in 181 patients (52.1%) with visible bladder tumors through cystoscopy, in 7 patients (0.87%) without visible bladder tumors. In 433 patients with ultrasonography and cystoscopy both negative, urine cytology was performed with a negative result (38.6%). CONCLUSION: The usefulness of instrumentalized urinary cytology to diagnose urothelial tumors is restricted in terms of monosymptomatic gross haematuria one stop clinic. It allows the diagnosis of a very limited number of cases tumors and leaves a significant number of them out. In case of gross hematuria and negative imaging, urine cytology can be requested as a differed complementary.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la precisión y rentabilidad diagnósticas de la citología urinaria por lavado en el estudio inicial de la hematuria macroscópica monosintomática en el contexto de una consulta de alta resolución.MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico de las pruebas diagnósticas solicitadas en la consulta de hematuria de alta resolución entre 2011 y 2018. Se evaluaron la ecografía de aparato urinario, la uretrocistoscopia y particularmente la citología de orina por lavado vesical. Las muestras de citología urinaria fueron revisadas por el mismo patólogo. RESULTADOS: 1122 pacientes con ecografía y cistoscopia. Se detectó tumor vesical en 354 pacientes (31,5%) y otros tumores urológicos en 33 casos (2,9%). Se recogió citología urinaria por lavado en 804 pacientes (71,4%), siendo positiva en 236 casos (29,4%). La sensibilidad y especificidad de la citología urinaria para detectar tumor urotelial fue del 55,1%, y del 85,7%, respectivamente. En los pacientes con tumor vesical visible por cistoscopia la citología fue positiva en 181 pacientes (52,1%). En los casos sin tumor vesical visible hubo 7 pacientes (0,87%) con citología positiva. En 433 pacientes con ecografía y cistoscopia negativas se recogió citología urinaria cuyo resultado fue negativo (38,6%).CONCLUSIÓN: La citología urinaria por lavado tiene una utilidad limitada en el estudio inicial de la hematuria macroscópica de una consulta de alta resolución. Permite el diagnóstico de un reducido número de tumores uroteliales, obviando un porcentaje significativo de ellos. En caso de hematuria macroscópica monosintomática y pruebas de imagen negativas, la citología urinaria podría usarse como prueba complementaria diferida.

Citología de orina por lavado y hematuria macroscópica monosintomática: experiencia sobre su utilidad en una consulta de alta resolución / Urine cytology by washing and monosymptomatic macroscopic hematuria: experience on its usefulness in a high-resolution consultation

Obejtivo: Evaluar la precisión y rentabilidad diagnósticas de la citología urinaria por lavadoen el estudio inicial de la hematuria macroscópica monosintomática en el contexto de una consulta de altaresolución.Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico de las pruebas diagnósticas solicitadas en la consulta de hematuria de alta resolución entre 2011 y 2018.Se evaluaron la ecografía de aparato urinario, la uretrocistoscopia y particularmente la citología de orina porlavado vesical. Las muestras de citología urinaria fueronrevisadas por el mismo patólogo. Resultados: 1122 pacientes con ecografía y cistoscopia. Se detectó tumor vesical en 354 pacientes(31,5%) y otros tumores urológicos en 33 casos (2,9%).Se recogió citología urinaria por lavado en 804 pacientes (71,4%), siendo positiva en 236 casos (29,4%).La sensibilidad y especificidad de la citología urinaria para detectar tumor urotelial fue del 55,1%, y del85,7%, respectivamente. En los pacientes con tumor vesical visible por cistoscopia la citología fue positiva en181 pacientes (52,1%). En los casos sin tumor vesicalvisible hubo 7 pacientes (0,87%) con citología positiva.En 433 pacientes con ecografía y cistoscopia negativas se recogió citología urinaria cuyo resultado fue negativo (38,6%).Conclusión: La citología urinaria por lavado tieneuna utilidad limitada en el estudio inicial de la hematuriamacroscópica de una consulta de alta resolución. Permite el diagnóstico de un reducido número de tumores uroteliales, obviando un porcentaje significativo de ellos.En caso de hematuria macroscópica monosintomáticay pruebas de imagen negativas, la citología urinariapodría usarse como prueba complementaria diferida.(AU)

Objetive: To report the diagnostic accuracy and liability of the instrumentalized urine cytology in the preliminary study of monosyntomatic grosshaematuria.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and analyticstudy of the patients that complained of macroscopic hematuria at the one-stop clinic between 2011 and2018. The complementary tests requested were: kidney/bladder ultrasounds, urethrocystoscopy and urinaryinstrumentalized cytology. All the urine cytology sampleswere examined by the same pathologist.Reslts: 1122 patients were reviewed with ultrasonography and cystoscopy. Bladder tumor was detected in354 patients (31.5%) and other urological malignancieswere found in 33 cases (2.9%). Urinary instrumentalizedcytologies were collected in 804 patients (71.4%), being positive in 236 cases (29.4%). Sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytology for urothelial tumor detectionwere 55.1% and 85.7%, respectively. Cytology waspositive in 181 patients (52.1%) with visible bladdertumors through cystoscopy, in 7 patients (0.87%) withoutvisible bladder tumors. In 433 patients with ultrasonography and cystoscopy both negative, urine cytology wasperformed with a negative result (38.6%).Conclusion: the usefulness of instrumentalized urinary cytology to diagnose urothelial tumors is restrictedin terms of monosymptomatic gross haematuria one stopclinic. It allows the diagnosis of a very limited numberof cases tumors and leaves a significant number of themout. In case of gross hematuria and negative imaging,urine cytology can be requested as a differed complementary.(AU)

Caracterización de la tuberculosis en pacientes de la provincia Guantánamo, Cuba / Characterization of tuberculosis in patients from the Guantánamo province, Cuba

RESUMEN Introducción: La lucha contra la tuberculosis es una responsabilidad social y profesional que requiere de su caracterización, la que no se ha realizado en Guantánamo en la última década. Objetivo: Caracterizar la tuberculosis en pacientes de la provincia Guantánamo durante el periodo comprendido entre 2012 y 2019. Método: El universo se constituyó por el total de pacientes diagnosticados (n=136). Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, localización de la enfermedad, resultados de la baciloscopía, categoría al egreso y grupos de riesgo de tuberculosis. La información se obtuvo mediante los registros de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria cada año, y las encuestas epidemiológicas de los controles de focos realizados, y se resumió en números absolutos y porcentajes. Resultados: En el 80,1 % de los casos la tuberculosis se localizó en los pulmones, y fue más común el diagnóstico de pacientes con baciloscopía positiva (63,2 %). El 76,7 % de los pacientes con baciloscopía positiva fueron masculinos. Los grupos de riesgos para tuberculosis más usuales fueron: fumadores (26,4 %), inmunodeprimidos (21,6 %) y el alcoholismo (19,1 %). Conclusiones: En la provincia Guantánamo prevalece la tuberculosis de localización pulmonar y los pacientes con bacteriología positiva. Los afectados sobre todo son hombres, tienen edad entre 45 a 54 años y son de reciente diagnóstico. La enfermedad incide más en aquellos con antecedente de ser fumadores, inmunodeprimidos y los alcohólicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The fight against tuberculosis is a social and professional responsibility, which requires its characterization, which has not been carried out in Guantánamo in the last decade. Objective: To characterize tuberculosis in patients in the Guantánamo province during the period between 2012 and 2019. Method: The universe was made up of the total number of diagnosed patients (n = 136). The following variables were studied: age, sex, location of the disease, smear results, category at discharge, and tuberculosis risk groups. The information was obtained through the notifiable disease registries for each year and the epidemiological surveys of the outbreak controls carried out, and was summarized in absolute numbers and percentages. Results: In 80.1% of cases, tuberculosis is in the lungs, and the diagnosis of patients with positive smear microscopy (63.2%) is more common. 76.7% of smear-positive patients are male. The most common risk groups for tuberculosis are: smokers (26.4%), immunosuppressed (21.6%) and alcoholism (19.1%). Conclusions: In Guantánamo province, pulmonary localization tuberculosis and patients with positive bacteriology prevail. Those affected are mainly men, they are between 45 and 54 years old and have recently been diagnosed. The disease affects more in those with a history of being smokers, immunosuppressed and alcoholics.

Laparoscopic Abdominopexy: Surgery for Vaginal Prolapse.

OBJECTIVES: We present a new surgery based on the round ligament anatomy that is called laparoscopic abdominopexy, which uses a synthetic mesh without fixation at any pelvic point. The aim of this study is to provide a step-by-step description of the laparoscopic abdominopexy technique and present the first anatomical and functional results of the procedure. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included patients with apical and anterior vaginal prolapse who were subjected to laparoscopic abdominopexy. Before and after surgery, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) scale, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire-Short Form (OABq-SF), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) were used to evaluate the vaginal prolapse stage, storage, and sexual symptoms, respectively. The surgical technique is described step by step. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included with follow-up times between 6 and 25 months. The mean surgical time was 78.4 minutes. A statistically significant improvement was observed in the Aa (P ≤ 10-5), Ba (P ≤ 10-5), C (P = 5 × 10-5), D (P = .002) and tvl (P = .02) POP-Q points and in OABq-SF (22.2%; P = .02). Successful surgery was observed in 100% of patients for the apical compartment and 90% of patients for the anterior compartment. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic abdominopexy is a quick, safe, and reproducible surgical technique with beneficial anatomical and functional results that preserve the pelvic floor anatomy.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionadas con las infecciones intrahospitalarias en Nicaragua / Conhecimento, atitudes e práticas relacionadas a infecções intrahospitalares na Nicarágua / Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to intrahospital infections in Nicaragua

Introducción: las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria constituyen un grave problema de la salud pública a nivel mundial por su frecuencia y elevada mortalidad. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas para controlar las infecciones intrahospitalarias del personal asistencial. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el Hospital Santiago de Jinotepe en Carazo, Nicaragua, periodo enero-junio 2017. El universo lo constituyeron 345 trabajadores del hospital incluyendo a los internos de la carrera de Medicina y la muestra intencional o por conveniencia, de 53 proveedores. Las variables utilizadas: clasificación ocupacional, nivel de conocimiento sobre la definición de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) y sobre efecto del lavado de las manos con agua y el jabón para remover bacilos Gram negativos, así como la evaluación de prácticas y actitudes relacionados con la prevención de las IAAS. Resultados: se evidenció déficit cognitivo sobre las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud y en las actitudes y prácticas correctas en el personal asistencial para su prevención. Conclusiones: existe falta de conocimiento sobre las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud, así como en el ejercicio de actitudes y prácticas correctas destinadas a su prevención, para esto se deberá diseñar un programa de capacitación en este nivel de atención para tratar de disminuir las IAAS(AU)

Introduction: infections associated with health care constitute a serious public health problem worldwide due to their frequency and high mortality. Objective: to identify the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices to control in-hospital infections of healthcare personnel. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Santiago de Jinotepe Hospital in Carazo, Nicaragua, January-June 2017. The universe consisted of 345 hospital workers, including inmates of the medical career and the intentional sample or for convenience, from 53 suppliers. The variables used: occupational classification, level of knowledge about the definition of infections associated with health care (HCAI) and the effect of washing hands with water and soap to remove Gram-negative bacilli, as well as the evaluation of practices and attitudes related to the prevention of the IAAS. Results: cognitive deficit was found in the infections associated with health care and in the correct attitudes and practices in the care personnel for its prevention. Conclusions: there is a lack of knowledge about the infections associated with health care, as well as the exercise of correct attitudes and practices aimed at their prevention, for this purpose, a training program should be designed at this level of care to try to reduce HCAIs(AU)

Introdução: as infecções associadas aos cuidados de saúde constituem um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo devido à sua frequência e alta mortalidade. Objetivo: identificar o nível de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas para controlar as infecções intrahospitalares do pessoal de saúde. Método: estudo descritivo transversal, realizado no Hospital de Santiago de Jinotepe, em Carazo, Nicarágua, de janeiro a junho de 2017. O universo foi constituído por 345 trabalhadores de hospitais, incluindo os internos da carreira médica e a amostra intencional ou por conveniência, de 53 fornecedores. As variáveis utilizadas foram: classificação ocupacional, nível de conhecimento sobre a definição de infecções associadas à assistência à saúde (IAAS) e o efeito da lavagem das mãos com água e sabão para remoção de bacilos Gram-negativos, bem como a avaliação de práticas e atitudes relacionadas à prevenção do IAAS. Resultados: foi encontrado déficit cognitivo nas infecções associadas à assistência à saúde e nas atitudes e práticas corretas no pessoal de atendimento para sua prevenção. Conclusões: há falta de conhecimento sobre as infecções associadas aos cuidados de saúde, bem como o exercício de atitudes e práticas corretas visando a sua prevenção, para este fim, um programa de treinamento deve ser desenhado neste nível de atenção para tentar reduzir as IAAS(AU)

Caracterización de gestantes con urosepsis y resistencia antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli, Hospital General Docente Dr. Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo / Caracterização de gestantes portadoras de urossepse e resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli, Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo / Characterization of pregnant women with urosepsis and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo

Introducción: la resistencia combinada a múltiples antibióticos en algunas de las principales bacterias patógenas en humanos está aumentando en los últimos años y está generando una importante amenaza para la salud pública. Objetivo: caracterizar a las gestantes con urosepsis que presentaron resistencia antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli aislada en urocultivos y atendidas en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo durante el periodo enero-junio de 2017. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Agostinho Neto de Guantánamo, en el periodo enero a junio 2017. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por 58 gestantes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, paridad, factores de riesgo y resistencia. Se utilizó como medida de resumen la frecuencia absoluta y la frecuencia relativa (por ciento). Resultados: el mayor número de gestantes con urosepsis causada por Escherichia coli se encontraban en el grupo de edades entre los 19 y 29 para un 48,3 por ciento. La urosepsis en etapas anteriores al embarazo se identificó en el 48,3 por ciento de las multíparas, solo 11 de las primíparas (19,0 por ciento). La anemia se diagnosticó en 28 gestantes (48,3 por ciento), la diabetes mellitus tipo II en 11 pacientes para un 19,0 por ciento. En 33 gestantes (57 por ciento), se presentó resistencia al ácido nalidíxico, en 28 al sulfaprim (48,2 por ciento) y en el 40 por ciento a la amoxicilina+ácido clavulánico un total de 23 pacientes. Conclusiones: la urosepsis por Escherichia coli predominó en gestantes comprendidas entre los 19 y 29 años, multíparas, con esta entidad en etapas anteriores al embarazo, anemia, multigestas y con diabetes mellitus. Se presentó resistencia al ácido nalidíxico, sulfaprim, amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico y cefalexina(AU)

Introduction: the combined resistance to multiple antibiotics in some of the main pathogenic bacteria in humans is increasing in recent years and is generating a major threat to public health. Objective: to characterize pregnant women with urosepsis who presented antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated in urocultures and treated in the General Teaching Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto of Guantanamo during the period from January to June 2017. Method: a descriptive study was carried out, transversal and retrospective in the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" of Guantánamo, in the period January to June 2017. The universe of study was constituted by 58 pregnant women. The variables studied were: age, parity, risk factors and resistance. The absolute frequency and the relative frequency (percent) were used as a summary measure. Results: the greater number of pregnant women with urosepsis caused by Escherichia coli were in the age group between 19 and 29 for 48.3 percent. Urosepsis in stages prior to pregnancy was identified in 48.3 percent of the multiparous women, only 11 of the primiparous women (19.0 percent). Anemia was diagnosed in 28 pregnant women (48.3 percent), diabetes mellitus type II in 11 patients for 19.0 percent. In 33 pregnant women (57 percent), there was resistance to nalidixic acid, in 28 to sulfaprim (48.2 percent) and in 40 percent to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid a total of 23 patients. Conclusions: Urosepsis due to Escherichia coli predominated in pregnant women between 19 and 29 years of age, multiparous, with this condition in stages before pregnancy, anemia, multigesta and with diabetes mellitus. There was resistance to nalidixic acid, sulfaprim, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and cephalexin(AU)

Introdução: a resistência combinada a múltiplos antibióticos em algumas das principais bactérias patogénicas em seres humanos está a aumentar nos últimos anos e está gerando uma ameaça significativa para a saúde pública. Objectivo: Para caracterizar as mulheres grávidas com urosepsis apresentando resistência antimicrobiana de E. coli isoladas a partir de culturas de urina e tratados no geral Ensino Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital Guantánamo durante o período de Janeiro a Junho de 2017. Métodos: Um estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, no geral Ensino Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital Guantánamo, no período de janeiro a junho de 2017. o grupo de estudo foi composto por 58 mulheres grávidas. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, paridade, fatores de risco e resistência. A frequência absoluta e a frequência relativa (por cento) foram usadas como uma medida resumida. Resultados: o maior número de mulheres grávidas com urosepsis causada por E. coli foram no grupo de idade entre 19 e 29-48,3 por cento. Urosepsis em fases anteriores de gravidez foi identificada em 48,3 por cento dos multíparas, apenas 11 primíparas (19,0 por cento). Anemia foi diagnosticada em 28 mulheres grávidas (48,3 por cento), diabetes mellitus do tipo II em 11 pacientes de 19,0 por cento. Em 33 mulheres grávidas (57 por cento), ácido nalidíxico resistência é apresentado na sulfaprim 28 (48,2 por cento) e 40 por cento de Amoxicilina um total de 23 pacientes. Conclusões: urosepsis por E. coli predominou em mulheres grávidas entre 19 e 29 anos de idade, multíparas, com esta entidade em estágios iniciais da gravidez, anemia, diabetes mellitus e multigravidas. Houve resistência ao ácido nalidíxico, sulfaprim, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico e cefalexina(AU)

[Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation.] / Reimplante ureteral laparoscópico.

Although the laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (LUR) has a history of over 20 years, its presence in the literature is relatively sparse, almost always in the form of small case series with low statistical power, which has prevented consistent results. It has proven to be a safe and effective technique, improving the safety profile and perioperative complications compared to open ureteral reimplantation (OUR). The few long-term results suggest a similar success rate between the open and laparoscopic approaches. Although we do not found in the literature a strong evidence of the benefits of anti-reflux reimplantation techniques in adults, most of the published series include these procedures. Ureteral reimplantation is considered the treatment of choice in ureteral injuries below the iliac vessels. This is its main indication now. Intraoperative recognition of the injury and immediate LUR avoid other complications, but most of ureteral injuries are diagnosed in the early postoperative period. Although the classical recommendations advise urinary diversion and delayed treatment, the immediate approach is feasible, and indeed seems to improve results in complications, stay and long-term renal function. In situations of postoperative peritonitis secondary to a ureteral fistula, immediate LUR offers specific advantages, at least theoretically, for the protective effect of pneumoperitoneum in abdominal sepsis.

Reimplante ureteral laparoscópico / Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation

Aunque el reimplante ureteral laparoscópico (RUL) tiene una trayectoria de más de 20 años, su presencia en la literatura es relativamente escasa, casi siempre en forma de pequeñas series de casos con poca potencia estadística, lo que ha impedido obtener resultados consistentes. Ha demostrado ser una técnica segura y efectiva, mejorando el perfil de seguridad y complicaciones perioperatorias con respecto al reimplante ureteral abierto (RUA). Los escasos resultados a largo plazo sugieren una tasa de éxito similar entre los abordajes abierto y laparoscópico. Aunque no se han encontrado en la literatura evidencias firmes de las ventajas de las técnicas anti-reflujo en adultos, la mayor parte de las series publicadas incluyen estas técnicas. El reimplante ureteral se considera el tratamiento de elección en las lesiones ureterales por debajo del cruce iliaco. Ésta es su principal indicación actualmente. El reconocimiento intraoperatorio de la lesión y el RUL inmediato evitan otras complicaciones, pero la mayoría de las lesiones ureterales se diagnostican en el postoperatorio temprano. Aunque las recomendaciones clásicas aconsejan la derivación urinaria y tratamiento diferido, el abordaje inmediato es factible, y de hecho parece mejorar los resultados en complicaciones, estancia y función renal a largo plazo. En las situaciones postoperatorias de peritonitis secundarias a una fístula ureteral, el RUL inmediato ofrece ventajas específicas, al menos teóricamente, por el efecto protector del neumoperitoneo en las sepsis de origen abdominal

Although the laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (LUR) has a history of over 20 years, its presence in the literature is relatively sparse, almost always in the form of small case series with low statistical power, which has prevented consistent results. It has proven to be a safe and effective technique, improving the safety profile and perioperative complications compared to open ureteral reimplantation (OUR). The few long-term results suggest a similar success rate between the open and laparoscopic approaches. Although we do not found in the literature a strong evidence of the benefits of anti-reflux reimplantation techniques in adults, most of the published series include these procedures. Ureteral reimplantation is considered the treatment of choice in ureteral injuries below the iliac vessels. This is its main indication now. Intraoperative recognition of the injury and immediate LUR avoid other complications, but most of ureteral injuries are diagnosed in the early postoperative period. Although the classical recommendations advise urinary diversion and delayed treatment, the immediate approach is feasible, and indeed seems to improve results in complications, stay and long-term renal function. In situations of postoperative peritonitis secondary to a ureteral fistula, immediate LUR offers specific advantages, at least theoretically, for the protective effect of pneumoperitoneum in abdominal sepsis

Aspectos teóricos sobre eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia en los servicios de salud / Theoretical aspects on efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency in health services

Cuando se habla de eficiencia en salud, se hace referencia a alcanzar los mejores resultados con los escasos recursos disponibles para lo cual deben conocerse las formas y los procesos técnicos necesarios para lograrla. Ser eficientes significa satisfacer las necesidades de la población y garantizar ritmos de desarrollo sostenible. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica actualizada, donde se abordan aspectos esenciales sobre el tema, tales como: conceptos, tipos de eficiencia, retos y consideraciones finales del autor(AU)

When talking about health efficiency, reference is made to achieving the best results with the scarce resources available for which the forms and technical processes necessary to achieve it. Being efficient means meeting the needs of the population and guaranteeing sustainable development rhythms. An updated bibliographical review was carried out, where essential aspects on the subject were approached, such as: concepts, types of efficiency, challenges and final considerations of the author

Lymph node non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidentally discovered during a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

We report the case of a left laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with the incidental discovery of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in one of the lymph nodes of the renal hilum. A laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was decided on for a 64-year-old man. Renal cell carcinoma in the kidney and one lymph node of the renal hilum with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found. Chemotherapy was not started for the lymphoma discovery. There are no signs of relapse after two years of follow up. Coexistence in the same patient is an extremely rare condition. We review the literature about this issue to clarify this association.

Laparoscopic management of right renal angiomyolipoma with involvement of the inferior vena cava: case report and review of the literature.

This article reports the case of a 22-year-old woman with right renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and inferior vena cava thrombus. Laparoscopic right nephrectomy and thrombectomy were performed. To the authors' knowledge there have been only 46 reported cases of renal AML with endovascular extension and this is the first case to be completely removed by a laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic management of this kind of tumour is feasible in spite of the vascular involvement. The centre's experience and enlargement of the tumour are key points for this approach.

Estudio de infarto agudo de miocardio y su posible relación con las tormentas solares y geomagnéticas en Guantánamo / Study of acute myocardial infarction and its possible relation to solar and geomagnetic storms at Guantanamo

Con el objetivo de contrastar resultados anteriores, obtenidos en Cuba y en otras latitudes, acerca de la influencia de las perturbaciones solares y geomagnéticas con la frecuencia de la morbilidad y mortalidad por infarto agudo de miocardio, se propone realizar un nuevo análisis del problema. Se utilizará el universo de pacientes según el registro diario de morbilidad y mortalidad por infarto de agudo de miocardio del Hospital General Docente Agostinho Neto de Guantánamo, durante 10 años (2001-2010). La data será sometida a un análisis estadístico con resolución diaria, empleando ventanas, centradas en días con alta actividad solar o geomagnética, lo cual permitirá analizar la frecuencia de infarto agudo del miocardio alrededor de esos días activos durante todo el período estudiado, soslayando otras influencias ajenas al objetivo del trabajo. Se caracterizará la muestra según sexo y grupos etáreos, estacionalidad y otros parámetros (AU)

A descriptive, observational study is done on the functions of Teachers, especially as tutors in teaching biomedical content at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences Tamale (Ghana), from 2008-2011, based on the solution of problems. Among the main difficulties are included: encourage student participation in class, listen to the concerns of students and ask and investigate the reasoning process of students, without, interest in the application of this method continues increase in new medical colleges in the world with development needs. It provides an approach to livelihoods creative-experiential approach from the novel method

Metástasis peneana de adenocarcinoma prostático. A propósito de un caso / Penile metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Case report

OBJETIVO: Los tumores metastásicos del pene son muy infrecuentes. Suelen ser una manifestación tardía de la neoplasia primitiva, siendo un signo de mal pronóstico.Se aporta un caso de metastatización peneana de rara presentación cuyo tumor primario fue un adenocarcinoma prostático.MÉTODOS: Se presenta un paciente de 77 años que acude a nuestra Institución con hematuria y retención aguda de orina, detectándose durante la exploración múltiples lesiones induradas en el pene. El paciente es sometido a ecografía Doppler, con posterior biopsia peneana, prostática y estudio de extensión. Actualmente en tratamiento con bloqueo hormonal completo.RESULTADOS: El estudio histológico de la biopsia peneana demostró una metástasis peneana procedente de adenocarcinoma prostático.El estudio histológico de la biopsia prostática objetivó un adenocarcinoma grado combinado Gleason 8 (4+4).CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de las diferentes alternativas terapéuticas posibles, éstas serán con fin paliativo, ya que la supervivencia media de estos pacientes es inferior al año(AU)

OBJECTIVE: Penile metastases are late manifestations of a primary tumor, and they are a sign of poor prognosis.We report a case of a rare presentation: penile metastases from prostate cancer.METHODS: 77 year-old male presented hematuria and acute urinary retention; on physical examination multiple hard lesions were detected. The patient underwent a Doppler ultrasound, subsequent penile and prostate biopsy, and staging study. Currently he is being treated with complete androgen blockade.RESULTS: A histological study of the penile biopsy showed penile metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma.The histological study of prostate biopsy confirmed Gleason 8 (4 +4) adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSIONS: Despite of the different therapeutic alternatives for treatment of symptomatic penile metastases, it would be with palliative target; due to the median survival of these patients is less than a year(AU)

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer. Preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVES: To study the validity of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 as a complementary marker to PSA for the diagnosis and prognosis of Prostate Cancer. METHODS: Prospective study structured as a hospital-based cohort of 100 consecutive patients undergoing prostate biopsy. Serum determination of MMP-9 was carried out by means of inmunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata/SE 8.2 software. RESULTS: 32 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 52% had a Gleason score equal to or greater than 7. The values of serum MMP-9 varied between 225.7 and 1932.3 ng/ml, without significant differences among patients with benign, malignant and uncertain histology (p=0.429). The differences approached statistical significance in the subgroup of patients with PSA at 4-10 ng/ml (p=0.058), and significant differences were observed in the subgroup with free PSA to total PSA coefficient of less than 15% (p=0.037). No relationship between the Gleason score and the level of MMP-9 was shown (p=0.739). The levels of PSA and MMP-9 were shown to be independent (Pearson coefficient of correlation -0.1). CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to show the efficacy of MMP-9 in predicting the result of the biopsy. In the group of patients with slightly increased levels of PSA (between 4 and 10 ng/ml) all the descriptive variables were higher in the group with malignant histology, though they did not reach statistical significance, they did reach significance when the coefficient of free PSA over total PSA was less than 15%, but this finding is not relevant clinically, as these patients already have a clear indication for biopsy. Neither was the relationship with the prognosis shown as there are no differences of MMP-9 expression at varying Gleason scores.

Matrix metalloproteinase- 9 polymorphisms in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. A preliminary experience.

UNLABELLED: Polymorphisms Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene have been linked with the risk of cancer and with tumoral aggressiveness in various types of cancer. So far there are no studies in the literature analysing the link between polymorphisms Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T of MMP-9 and prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES: To establish the presence of the MMP-9's gene polymorphisms (Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T)in relation to results of prostate biopsy, PSA values and Gleason score. METHODS: Hospital cohort of 100 patients with suspected prostate cancer, subjected to prostate biopsy, in whom the MMP-9 polymorphisms (Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T) were analysed using the PCR-RLFP technique. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the presence of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms in terms of prostate biopsy results (p = 0.264, p = 0.406, p = 0.860, respectively), or Gleason score (p = 0.373, p = 0.367, p = 0.476). Comparing the genotypes of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms resulting from prostate biopsy, using subgroups according to PSA values, no statistically significant differences were found either (p = 0.332 y p = 0.393, respectively ). However, statistically significant differences were found when comparing the genotypes of the -1562 C/T polymorphism of the MMP-9 in patients showing positive biopsy for malignant tumour in comparison to a negative biopsy for a malignant tumour in the subgroup of patients with PSA 10 ng/ml (p=0.049). The joint analysis of the three MMP-9 polymorphisms, using logistical regression study did not reveal any statistically significant differences as far as the risk of developing prostate cancer is concerned based on the presence of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: The Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms are not linked with the aggressiveness in prostate cancer, neither they are linked to the risk of suffering prostate cancer.